by Marion Nestle

Currently browsing posts about: USDA

Sep 30 2025

USDA expands SNAP stocking requirements: Will this help?

The USDA requires retailers who accept SNAP benefits to stock a few fruits and vegetables.  Formerly, USDA required retailers to provide three varieties of food in each of four categories—dairy, protein, grain, and fruits and vegetables.  It allowed stores to meet these requirements by providing a few tired-looking produce items, such as the ones shown here from a Walgreen drugstore.

USDA proposes to expand the number from 3 to 7.

This is confusing.  I thought the USDA did this in 2016: Enhancing Retailer Standards in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Clarification of Proposed Rule and Extension of Comment Period.

OK.  Whatever.  Let’s start with the press release, because I always enjoy USDA rhetoric: Secretary Rollins Strengthens SNAP Retailer Stocking Requirements to Make America Healthy Again.

Right now, the bar for stocking food as a SNAP retailer is far too low, allowing people to game the system and leaving vulnerable Americans without healthy food options. These common-sense changes are designed to minimize benefit trafficking and skimming, among other fraudulent activities, while making more nutritious foods available to families who rely on the program….USDA is actively reorienting SNAP towards better nutrition and emphasizing whole, healthy food for program participants. This includes approving 12 states to exclude certain unhealthy foods from purchase with SNAP benefits.

If you want the details, check the Proposed Rule – Updated Staple Food Stocking Standards for Retailers in SNAP. 

This offers complicated explanations of each food category: “The Department is proposing to subdivide protein into the following seven groupings of varieties:

  • Perishable meat, poultry, or fish, including fresh or frozen versions for each different kind of animal;
  • Shelf-stable meat, poultry, or fish for each different kind of animal;
  • Eggs;
  • Nuts/seeds;
  • Raw beans, peas, or lentils, each of which would count as a distinct protein variety;
  • Cooked (e.g., canned) beans,
  • Peas, or lentils and multi-ingredient products with beans, peas, or lentils as the main ingredient; and
  • Tofu/tempeh, together, would be a distinct variety from all other types of proteins and any other pea product as the main ingredient.”

At first glance, this looks like a step in the right direction.  It will require stores that accept SNAP benefits to offer a greater variety of healhy food options.

This is a no-brainer for Walmart or any other large grocery store.  They already do this.

Therefore, this rule has to be understood as being aimed at bodegas as well as at Dollar stores located in areas where no other retail foods are readily available.

That is why this proposal is considered a ‘mixed bag’ for both retailers and shoppers.

Such stores, widely frequented by SNAP recipients whose payments are likely to constitute significant percentages of sales, will have a hard time meeting these requ.  They already had trouble meeting the existing requirements.

This proposal does not seem to be accompanied by incentives to SNAP recipients to buy fruits and vegetables.

As detailed in an issue brief by Healthy Eating Research, The Current State of Knowledge on SNAP Restrictions and Disincentives, incentives would help.  Otherwise, the rising cost of fruits and vegetables can seem prohibitive.

The proposal is open for comment—by November 24.  Here’s how.

The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), USDA, invites interested persons to submit comments on this proposed rule. Comments may be submitted by one of the following methods:

  • Federal e-Rulemaking Portal: Go to regulations.gov. Preferred method; follow the online instructions for submitting comments on docket FNS-2025-0018 or enter “RIN 0584-AF12” and click the “Search” button. Follow the instructions at this website.
  • Mail: Comments should be addressed to SNAP Retailer Policy Division, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, 1320 Braddock Place, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.
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Sep 24 2025

Trump administration will no longer collect data on food insecurity; shades of 1984

According to the Wall Street Journal (sent to me by Lindsey Smith Taillie, who is quoted in the story), the USDA will no longer be collecting data on food insecurity after this year.

“This nonstatutory report became overly politicized and upon subsequent review, was unnecessary to carry out the work of the Department,” USDA spokesman Alec Varsamis said.

He added that the 2024 report will be released on Oct. 22, but the 2025 report has been discontinued.

I then received USDA’s official notice.

Costly and politicized, yes.  But redundant and fear-mongering?  Hardly.

It’s easy to understand this kind of rhetoric.

The last report, Household Food Security in the United States in 2023published this extremely inconvenient finding.

It’s pretty hard to justify cutting food assistance funding when food insecurity is rising to levels like those in the 2008 recession.

Cuts and changes to SNAP are leaving a lot up to states, which will have a hard time with it.

If you live in an Orwellian universe, you can use not measuring to pretend that food insecurity does not exist and certainly that it is not increasing as a result of your policies.

It took a long time for the anti-hunger community to achieve federal documentation of this enormous social problem.  I suppose we will now have to go back to the old days of local anti-hunger reports.  See my comments (with Sally Guttmacher) on state hunger reports.

Truly, we are living in Orwellian times.  May we find our way out of them soon.

Sep 17 2025

USDA resuscitates farm to school program, sort of

The USDA issued an announcement last week: Secretary Rollins Announces Reinvigorated Farm to School Grants Supporting American Farmers and Children.   And here’s her video announcement.

I love the way the USDA uses Orwellian language (meaning the opposite of what it says).

New this year, USDA reimagined the Farm to School Grant program, implementing several improvements, including streamlining the application, removing barriers to innovation, and emphasizing partnerships to give small family farms the best chance at success.

“Yesterday at the MAHA Report announcement, alongside Secretary Kennedy, we announced one of the key actions USDA has already taken to contribute to making our children healthy again – Farm to School Grants. These initiatives are one of the best ways we can deliver nutritious, high-quality meals to children, while also strengthening local agriculture,” said Secretary Brooke Rollins. “These grants will open new doors for small family farms, expand access to healthy food in schools, and inspire the next generation of Great American Farmers. Under President Trump’s leadership, USDA is proud to streamline this program, so it works better for families, farmers, and communities across our nation. Putting America’s Farmers First starts with putting our children first.”

Yes, but.

Somehow, Secretary Rollins failed to mention that the Trump Administration cancelled the $1.13 billion farm-to-school program announced last December.

It’s great that USDA is bringing back this program, a win-win for farmers and schools.

But “up to $18 million” falls far short–16%—of what was meant to be invested in such programs, but cancelled.

Reinvigorated?  Maybe.

Hence Orwellian.

Aug 28 2025

Eating your veggies isn’t easy: they cost more and there aren’t enough of them

The Bureau of Labor Statistics published this graph of the change in price of fresh vegetables since January 2024.  Prices have gone up a lot this year.

This did not get sent out to subscribers last week, so I’m trying again.

This may be explained not just by inflation, but also by a decline in the availability of vegetables in the food supply (defined as produced in the U.S., less exports, plus imports) as shown in this chart from the USDA.

If we want people to eat more healthfully, we need policies to make vegetables more widely available at lower cost.  Farmers have to make a living.  That’s why we need to rethink which foods get subsidized, and our entire agricultural system for that matter.

How about redesigning the agricultural system to prioritize food for people, instead of feed for animals and fuel for automobiles.

To explain, I’m posting this USDA chart again.

Aug 20 2025

USDA is allowing states to ban sodas from SNAP: is this a good idea? Yes, if evaluated.

I thought I should say something about the new state bans on using SNAP benefit cards to buy sodas and other kinds of junk foods.

More states ban soda and ‘junk food’ purchases from SNAP benefits: Varying restrictions add more confusion for food companies already struggling with slowing sales.

This article, from Food Dive, says

  • Twelve states have now received approval to restrict benefits, with bans set to commence next year. The Department of Health and Human Services said the waivers aim to end the “subsidization of popular types of junk food.”

It points out that the bans vary in what they cover, and define candy and soft drinks in different ways.

Iowa, which has one of the most restrictive set of SNAP rules, is banning sugar-sweetened beverages that contain less than 50% juice, including sodas, energy drinks and flavored waters. The state is also restricting drink concentrates and powdered mix-ins.

The USDA has a web page devoted to SNAP Waivers (of existing rules governing what SNAP participants are allowed to buy).

Comment: I have long been in favor of pilot projects for banning sugar-sweetened beverages on SNAP (I was a member of the SNAP to Health Commission which issued a report in 2012.

Sodas are composed of sugars and water and have calories but no other redeeming nutritional value.

Even though we sympathized with the arguments that restrictions on purchases are condescending, we recommended pilot projects—along with research to evaluate them.  Would the bans change purchasing habits?  How would SNAP recipients feel about them?

It’s pretty clear how retailers feel about them.  Ouch.  Reduced sales.

The USDA turned down all requests for researchable pilot projects, ostensibly for logistical reasons.  Whatever.

Times have changed.

USDA’s SNAP waivers do not require research, unfortunately. I hope somebody in those states does some before-and-after data collection.

I worry that the waivers will be used as wedges to further cut SNAP benefits.

This one is a wait-and-see.  Stay tuned.

Aug 1 2025

Weekend reading: The USDA’s latest report on food assistance

I made a mistake and did not get this one scheduled correctly.  I’m trying again to get it posted (sigh, my error).

The USDA’s Economic Research Service (what’s left of it) has released its annual report on food assistance, which cost $142 billion in 2024 for all of the 16 programs.

This is a decrease from the $168 billion spent in 2023.

Food assistance accounts for two-thirds of USDA’s budget.

SNAP accounts for 70% of USDA’s food assistance budget.  Its 14% (inflation-adjusted) decline from 2023 “was larger than for any other year on record.”  And that’s before this year’s proposed cuts.

SNAP participation and costs track closely with poverty and food insecurity; when they go up, SNAP goes up.

Comment: The best way to cut SNAP?  Cut poverty.

__________

Forthcoming November 11, 2025: What To Eat Now

What to Eat Now: The Indispensable Guide to Good Food, How to Find It, and Why It Matters.

Jul 29 2025

The proposed destruction of the USDA: it’s deja vu all over again.

The USDA has just announced a plan for reorganization that will move most of the agency out of Washington, DC, as flagrant an act of self-destruction as can be imagined.

The ostensible reason for this is to “To bring USDA closer to the people it serves while also providing a more affordable cost of living for USDA employees.”

The idea is to relocate USDA staff to these five places.

  1. Raleigh, North Carolina (22.24%)
  2. Kansas City, Missouri (18.97%)
  3. Indianapolis, Indiana (18.15%)
  4. Fort Collins, Colorado (30.52%)
  5. Salt Lake City, Utah (17.06%)

A five-page memorandum and a YouTube video explain that these moves will

  • Ensure the size of USDA’s workforce aligns with available financial resources and agricultural priorities
  • Bring USDA closer to its customers
  • Eliminate management layers and bureaucracy
  • Consolidate redundant support functions
My translation: Destroy the USDA. Decimate Washington, DC in the process.
Recall the destruction of the Economic Research Service during the Trump I administration.  I wrote about its forced relocation to Kansas City as a national tragedy; it destroyed a tiny unit within USDA that did fabulous research (it is still producing reports, but not like the ones formerly issued).
You don’t believe me?  See the Government Accountability Office’s analysis of the move: it caused most skilled personnel to resign and did not save any money.
This will do the same.
__________

Forthcoming November 11, 2025: What To Eat Now

What to Eat Now: The Indispensable Guide to Good Food, How to Find It, and Why It Matters.

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Jul 10 2025

USDA to host a farmers’ market on the National Mall. Farmers: Apply now!

Secretary Rollins Announces “Great American Farmers Market” to Celebrate America 250 on National Mall

“There is no greater celebration of America’s legacy than through American agriculture! Farmers helped found our nation and for centuries have diligently passed down the craft of feeding, fueling, and clothing their fellow patriots. The Great American Farmers Market is a celebration of the almost 250 years since our inception and a chance to honor the heart of our nation: agriculture,” said Secretary Rollins.

The press release gives the details:

The ribbon cutting and grand opening of the Great American Farmers Market will be on August 3rd, 2025. For market hours, daily programming updates, and vendor sign-ups, visit our website. Vendors including farmers, ranchers, bakers, dairy producers, beverage producers, fishermen, food concessions, and meat processors are encouraged to apply. To learn more about other farmers markets across the country, visit www.usdalocalfoodportal.com.

USDA also uses social media these days.

USDA (@Dept. of Agriculture) posted: Want to participate as a vendor at the Great American Farmers Market on the National Mall? We’re looking for farmers, ranchers, and producers from all 50 states who want to sell what they grow, raise or produce on their farm! Apply by Sunday, July 13 @ 11:59PM ET

Participation is free.  Here’s the link to the application form.